Management and Surveillance of Disease Vectors in the Republic of Korea

s S7 With the outbreak of novel 2009 pandemic virus, the diagnosis and the characterization of the first case in Korea was completed within a week and several research projects were immediately launched in the diagnosis, vaccine development, and pathogenicity study using the influenza A/Korea/01/ 2009(H1N1) virus. Especially for 2009 pandemic virus,mammalian pathotyping usingmouse and ferret has been performed in BSL-3 facility inKNIH. Prepandemic period was the preparatory for capacity building for intensified influenza research in KNIH. In post pandemic period, research field will be more focused on vaccine and pathogenesis of influenza in human based on the strong infrastructure built through previous research products as well as capacity building in diagnosis and surveillance to detect new influenza virus in humans. doi:10.1016/j.phrp.2011.11.025 Climate Change and Malaria Transmission in Thailand Jetsumon Sattabongkot Prachumsri Climate warming can change the geographic distribution and intensity of the transmission of vector-borne diseases such as malaria. The heterogeneity in malaria trends probably reflects the multitude of factors that can drive malaria transmission. There are studies of climate change that probably alter the spread and transmission intensity of malaria in Africa. The transmitted parasites usually benefit from increased temperatures as both their reproduction and development are accelerated. These finding suggest that the abundance, distribution and malaria transmission of different malaria vectors are driven by different environmental factors. Malaria transmission and climate changes in high and low endemic areas in Thailand will be discussed. A better understanding of the specific ecological parameters of each malaria mosquito species will help define their current distributions, and how they may currently and prospectively be affected by climate change, interventions and other factors. doi:10.1016/j.phrp.2011.11.026 Climate Change and Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases : Future Prospect of Northern Expansion of Aedes albopictus Mutsuo Kobayashi Director, Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan. Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is one of vectors of the dengue and Chikungunya viruses and was common mosquitoes in Southeast Asia, Far East including Japan. During past two decades the distribution areas of Ae. albopictus clearly expand to worldwide by world trading of used tiers. In Japan Aedes albopictus distributed widely in Honshu Island of Japan with its northern limits between 38 to 40 degrees north. The factors affecting distribution of the species in Japan were studied using the GIS and showed an annual mean temperature higher than 11 C is most related to the northern limit. During 1998e2006, larval surveillance was carried out in more than 30 urban and rural areas in Tohoku district, the northern limit clearly moved to northward. The future expansion of the distribution of Ae. albopictus were analyzed using 1-km mesh climate data prospected by MIROC(K1) model in 2035 and 2100. From these analyses, the distribution of the mosquitoes widely expands in the lowland areas of Aomori Prefecture, most northern Honshu district in 2035. Ae. albopictus will also invade to Hokkaido Island crossing the Tsugaru Strait in 2100. This means that risk areas in dengue and Chikungunya outbreak clearly expand in the northern parts of Japan. The population density of the mosquito is one of the important factors to predict the possibility of outbreak of mosquito borne diseases. Ae. albopictus is not a simple nuisance mosquito, so we should recognize the importance of this mosquito species as an important vector of viral diseases, dengue and chikungunya. The technical report published by ECDC in 2009 entitled “Development of Aedes albopictus risk map” completely adopted our criterion, 11 C as a northern expansion limit in Europe and North America. doi:10.1016/j.phrp.2011.11.027 Management and Surveillance of Disease Vectors in the Republic of Korea E-Hyun Shin Division of Medical Entomology, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea. As management measures for vector borne diseases, vector surveillance system and vector control system are created with management of infectious diseases such as malaria, Japanese encephalitis and scrub typhus. Surveillance for disease vectors Malaria vector surveillance is conducted by collecting from 16 sites around malaria risk areas where the disease occurs. The seasonal population density of vector mosquitoes and infection rate of Plasmodium are conducted. Japanese encephalitis vector surveillance is the oldest vector surveillance system in Korea. It is currently being conducted at 39 sites nationwide, and it provides the precautionary attention at first appearance date